Symmetries have not been completely determined and explained from the discovery of the
DNA structure in 1953 and the genetic code in 1961. We show, during 10 years of …

Degeneracy is ubiquitous across biological systems where structurally different elements
can yield a similar outcome. Degeneracy is of particular interest in neuroscience too. On the …

The demonstration by Ivan Barnes et al. that the serpentinization of fresh Alpine-type
ultramafic rocks results in the exhalation of hot alkaline fluids is foundational to the …

Annotating the genomes of multiple species allows us to analyze the evolution of their
genes. While many eukaryotic genome assemblies already include computational gene …

T cells are potent at eliminating pathogens and playing a crucial role in the adaptive immune
response. T cell receptor (TCR) convergence describes T cells that share identical TCRs …

In movement disorders, phenomenology refers to the science and art of classifying abnormal
movements. Traditional clinical practice has been based on phenotype-driven investigation …

The origin of life: the submarine alkaline vent theory at 30 | Interface Focus logo logo Skip main
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It is well recognized in cognitive science that people differ in their language abilities, where
even those who appear to behave similarly can reach the same outcome via different …

Pistachio is one of the most economically important nut crops worldwide. However, there are
no reports describing the chloroplast genome of this important fruit tree. In this investigation …

We find that the degeneracies and many peculiarities of the DNA genetic code may be
described thanks to two closely related (fivefold symmetric) finite groups. The first group has …