Global change drivers create new environmental scenarios and selective pressures,
affecting plant species in various interacting ways. Plants respond with changes in …

Integration and modularity refer to the patterns and processes of trait interaction and
independence. Both terms have complex histories with respect to both conceptualization …

Plant reproduction by means of flowers has long been thought to promote the success and
diversification of angiosperms. It remains unclear, however, how this success has come …

The adverse consequences of pollution impact on terrestrial ecosystems have been under
careful investigation since the beginning of the twentieth century. Several thousand case …

Angiosperm flowers have evolved a dazzling palette of colours and a rich bouquet of scents,
principally serving to attract pollinators. Despite recent progress in the ecology of pollination …

Morphological modularity arises in complex living beings due to a semi‐independent
inheritance, development, and function of body parts. Modularity helps us to understand the …

Flowers are complex structures, synchronously displaying both olfactory and visual
signals/cues in the context of a particular floral morphology, that also vary in resource …

Flowers use olfactory and visual signals to communicate with pollinators. Disentangling the
relative contributions and potential synergies between signals remains a challenge …

Proper functioning of complex phenotypes requires that multiple traits work together.
Examination of relationships among traits within and between complex characters and how …

Pollination syndromes describe recurring adaptation to selection imposed by distinct
pollinators. We tested for pollination syndromes in Merianieae (Melastomataceae), which …