We address scaling up equilibrium computation in Mean Field Games (MFGs) using Online
Mirror Descent (OMD). We show that continuous-time OMD provably converges to a Nash …

Taxes are an essential and uniformly applied institution for maintaining modern societies.
However, the levels of taxation remain an intensive debate topic among citizens. If each …

Predator–prey interactions are one of ecology's central research themes, but with many
interdisciplinary implications across the social and natural sciences. Here we consider an …

Complex systems in ecological science can be generally defined by either the number of
different species or the structure among species having many relations, and understanding …

Punishing those who refuse to participate in common efforts is a known and intensively
studied way to maintain cooperation among self-interested agents. But this act is costly …

Pro-social exclusion and punishment are effective strategies in preventing free-riding.
Recent literature has demonstrated that when exclusion and punishment coexist, the former …

We study a nonhierarchical tritrophic system, whose predator-prey interactions are
described by the rock-paper-scissors game rules. In our stochastic simulations, individuals …

In a diverse population, where many species are present, competitors can fight for surviving
at individual and collective levels. In particular, species, which would beat each other …

Competing strategies in an evolutionary game model, or species in a biosystem, can easily
form a larger unit which protects them from the invasion of an external actor. Such a …

Non-Hermitian topology is a recent hot topic in condensed matters. In this paper, we
propose a novel platform drawing interdisciplinary attention: rock–paper–scissors (RPS) …