The application scenarios and requirements are more diverse in the fifth-generation (5G) era
than before. In order to successfully support the system design and deployment, accurate …

This paper reviews the basic concepts of rays, ray tracing algorithms, and radio propagation
modeling using ray tracing methods. We focus on the fundamental concepts and the …

A comprehensive review of the propagation prediction models for terrestrial wireless
communication systems is presented in this paper. The classic empirical models are briefly …

Ray tracing (RT) models are now widely adopted for field prediction in urban environment.
Nevertheless, conventional RT tools still suffer for excessive central processing unit (CPU) …

Considering great benefits brought by massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO)
technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT), it is of vital importance to analyze new massive …

Three-dimensional (3-D) ray tracing has advanced to such a degree that it can provide
channel parameters like delay spread, Doppler spread, angular spread, and distribution …

The purpose of this study is to characterize the indoor channel for 802.11 wireless local area
networks at 2.4 GHz frequency. This work presents a channel model based on …

This paper presents a fast ray-tracing procedure based on triangular division of the
propagation environments. Unlike other accelerating methods that are mostly based on pre …

The multiresolution frequency domain parflow (MR-FDPF) approach is applied to radio wave
propagation in indoor environments. This method allows for a better understanding of indoor …

A comprehensive review of ray tracing (RT) techniques for wireless communication systems
is presented in this paper. The conventional techniques are described with respect to the …