The spin degree of freedom of an electron or a nucleus is one of the most basic properties of
nature and functions as an excellent qubit, as it provides a natural two-level system that is …

Quantum-mechanical effects at the macroscopic level were first explored in Josephson-
junction-based superconducting circuits in the 1980s. In recent decades, the emergence of …

High-fidelity control of quantum bits is paramount for the reliable execution of quantum
algorithms and for achieving fault tolerance—the ability to correct errors faster than they …

Future quantum computers capable of solving relevant problems will require a large number
of qubits that can be operated reliably. However, the requirements of having a large qubit …

Fault-tolerant quantum computers that can solve hard problems rely on quantum error
correction. One of the most promising error correction codes is the surface code, which …

The prospect of building quantum circuits 1, 2 using advanced semiconductor manufacturing
makes quantum dots an attractive platform for quantum information processing 3, 4 …

Molecular spins are promising building blocks of future quantum technologies thanks to the
unparalleled flexibility provided by chemistry, which allows the design of complex structures …

Nuclear spins were among the first physical platforms to be considered for quantum
information processing,, because of their exceptional quantum coherence and atomic-scale …

The efficient control of a large number of qubits is one of the most challenging aspects for
practical quantum computing. Current approaches in solid-state quantum technology are …

Full-scale quantum computers require the integration of millions of qubits, and the potential
of using industrial semiconductor manufacturing to meet this need has driven the …