Helium, hydrogen, and fuzz in plasma-facing materials

KD Hammond - Materials Research Express, 2017 - iopscience.iop.org
Tungsten, the primary material under consideration as the divertor material in magnetic-
confinement nuclear fusion reactors, has been known for the last decade to form'fuzz'—a …

A review of surface damage/microstructures and their effects on hydrogen/helium retention in tungsten

YG Li, QR Zheng, LM Wei, CG Zhang, Z Zeng - Tungsten, 2020 - Springer
The change in surface damage/microstructures and its effects on the hydrogen (H)
isotope/helium (He) dynamic behavior are the key factors for investigating issues of tungsten …

Large-scale atomistic simulations of low-energy helium implantation into tungsten single crystals

KD Hammond, S Blondel, L Hu, D Maroudas, BD Wirth - Acta Materialia, 2018 - Elsevier
Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of post-implantation helium behavior in plasma-
facing tungsten single crystals reveal orientation-dependent depth profiles, surface evolution …

Effects of transition metal carbide dispersoids on helium bubble formation in dispersion-strengthened tungsten

A Saefan, X Liu, E Lang, L Higgins, Y Wang… - Scientific reports, 2023 - nature.com
The formation of helium bubbles and subsequent property degradation poses a significant
challenge to tungsten as a plasma-facing material in future long-pulse plasma-burning …

The mobility of small vacancy/helium complexes in tungsten and its impact on retention in fusion-relevant conditions

D Perez, L Sandoval, S Blondel, BD Wirth… - Scientific reports, 2017 - nature.com
Tungsten is a promising plasma facing material for fusion reactors. Despite many favorable
properties, helium ions incoming from the plasma are known to dramatically affect the …

Helium flux effects on bubble growth and surface morphology in plasma-facing tungsten from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations

KD Hammond, IV Naeger, W Widanagamaachchi… - Nuclear …, 2019 - iopscience.iop.org
We investigate helium flux effects on helium transport and surface evolution in plasma-
facing tungsten using molecular dynamics. The simulations span two orders of magnitude …

[HTML][HTML] Thermal conductivity of tungsten: Effects of plasma-related structural defects from molecular-dynamics simulations

L Hu, BD Wirth, D Maroudas - Applied Physics Letters, 2017 - pubs.aip.org
We report results on the lattice thermal conductivities of tungsten single crystals containing
nanoscale-sized pores or voids and helium (He) nanobubbles as a function of void/bubble …

[HTML][HTML] Helium aggregation and surface morphology near grain boundaries in plasma-facing tungsten

KD Hammond, D Maroudas, BD Wirth - Journal of Applied Physics, 2024 - pubs.aip.org
We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of helium in tungsten to study the interaction of
helium with grain boundaries. Model systems with grain boundary planes perpendicular to …

On the interactions of interstitial helium atom with helium bubble in tungsten: A molecular dynamics study

M Qiu, Q Hou, B Fu, J Cui - Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2022 - Elsevier
Tungsten (W) has been chosen as the primary plasma-facing material in nuclear fusion
reactors. However, when helium (He) ions are continuously irradiated, enormous amounts of …

Measuring simulated hydrogen diffusion in symmetric tilt nickel grain boundaries and examining the relevance of the Borisov relationship for individual boundary …

DE Page, KF Varela, OK Johnson, DT Fullwood… - Acta Materialia, 2021 - Elsevier
Grain boundaries are known to act as important diffusion pathways in metals. Here we
examine how hydrogen diffusion in nickel grain boundaries is affected by different grain …