BACKGROUND The generation and control of coherent electromagnetic waves, such as
those provided by electronic oscillators in the radio frequency domain or lasers in the optical …

This article reviews recent developments in tests of fundamental physics using atoms and
molecules, including the subjects of parity violation, searches for permanent electric dipole …

Atomic clocks are vital in a wide array of technologies and experiments, including tests of
fundamental physics. Clocks operating at optical frequencies have now demonstrated …

Optical atomic clocks require local oscillators with exceptional optical coherence owing to
the challenge of performing spectroscopy on their ultranarrow-linewidth clock transitions …

Laboratory optical atomic clocks achieve remarkable accuracy (now counted to 18 digits or
more), opening possibilities for exploring fundamental physics and enabling new …

We compare two optical clocks based on the S 2 1/2 (F= 0)→ D 2 3/2 (F= 2) electric
quadrupole (E2) and the S 2 1/2 (F= 0)→ F 2 7/2 (F= 3) electric octupole (E3) transition of Yb …

We conduct frequency comparisons between a state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clock,
a cryogenic crystalline silicon cavity, and a hydrogen maser to set new bounds on the …

Optical atomic clocks, due to their unprecedented stability,–and uncertainty,,–, are already
being used to test physical theories, and herald a revision of the International System of …

We experimentally investigate an optical frequency standard based on the S 1/2 2 (F= 0)→ F
7/2 2 (F= 3) electric octupole (E 3) transition of a single trapped Yb+ 171 ion. For the …

Optical atomic clocks represent the state of the art in the frontier of modern measurement
science. In this article a detailed review on the development of optical atomic clocks that are …