Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have broad applications in industry and nanomedicine.
When NPs enter the body, interactions with the immune system are unavoidable. The innate …

Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Therefore, vaccination through
the mucosal route can greatly enhance the mucosal immune response. Vaccination via the …

Microneedle-based drug delivery has attracted researchers' attention over the last decade.
The material of construction of microneedles has emerged as a critical factor influencing …

Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists have had a long journey in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable number of the TLR4 ligands that …

Nanosized particles including nanovaccines are a novel approach to the development of
vaccines to combat diseases. Nanovaccines have the promise to utilize the immune system …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have promising applications in medicine. Immune system is an
important protective system to defend organisms from non‐self matters. NPs interact with the …

Over the past 20 years, a variety of potential adjuvants have been studied to enhance the
effect of oral vaccines in the intestinal mucosal immune system; however, no licensed …

Nanotechnology-based strategies can dramatically impact the treatment, prevention and
diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Despite the unprecedented success achieved with …

Vaccines are the most effective means of controlling infectious diseases. Increasingly
epidemics have driven the development of vaccines for human use. However, insufficient …

Within recent decades, the development of nanotechnology has made a significant
contribution to the progress of various fields of study, including the domains of medical and …