Oesophageal cancer is a global health problem; in 2018 there were more than 572,000
people newly diagnosed with oesophageal cancer worldwide. There are two main …

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for about 90% of the 456,000
incident esophageal cancers each year. Regions of high incidence include Eastern to …

Background Smokeless tobacco (ST) is consumed by more than 300 million people
worldwide. The distribution, determinants and health risks of ST differ from that of smoking; …

Background and aims: A systematic review conducted in 2008 found significant associations
between waterpipe tobacco smoking and lung cancer, respiratory disease, periodontal …

Objective It is widely held that waterpipe smoking (WPS) is not associated with health
hazards. However, several studies have documented the uptake of several toxicants and …

for undergraduate health professional education Page 1 ele arn ing for undergraduate
health professional education A systematic review informing a radical transformation of …

Background Smokeless tobacco is consumed in most countries in the world. In view of its
widespread use and increasing awareness of the associated risks, there is a need for a …

Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially
among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the …

Objective Although accumulating evidence suggests harmful effects of waterpipe smoking,
there is limited information about its direct association with chronic diseases, notably cancer …

Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from 1985
till January 2018 for observational studies on SLT and cancer. The included studies were …