We assemble bank-level and other data for Fed member banks to model determinants of
bank failure. Fundamentals explain bank failure risk well. The first two Friedman-Schwartz …

The consequences of bank distress for the economy during the Depression remain an area
of unresolved controversy. Since John M. Keynes (1931) and Irving Fisher (1933) …

Recent bank failures are followed by significant and permanent negative declines in real
county income. These declines are larger for small failures than for large failures per dollar …

Six years after the passage of the 2008 Troubled Asset Relief Program, commonly known as
TARP, it remains hard to measure the total social costs and benefits of the assistance to …

The mortgage meltdown: what went wrong and how do we fix it? Owning a home can
bestow a sense of security and independence. But today, in a cruel twist, many Americans …

Using variation in the timing and location of branches of failed banks we analyze its effect on
income inequality. Employing a difference-in-differences specification we find that bank …

Many government programs transfer resources to older people and implicitly or explicitly tax
their labor. We shed new light on the labor supply and welfare effects of such programs by …

Because California was a pioneer in the development of large-scale branching, we use its
experience during the 1920s and 1930s to assess the effects of branching on competition …

We investigate the role of forward-looking financial factors in propagating the Great
Depression. We find that a new hand-collected bank stock index is better at predicting the …

This paper examines the spillover effects of bankruptcy by important tech industry banks—
Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), Silvergate Bank, and Signature Bank—on the top 10 institutions …