Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are
crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut …

Autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases involving multiple tissues and organs,
characterized by the over production of abnormal multiple antibodies. Although most studies …

Abstract Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionary conserved innate-like
T cells able to recognize bacterial and fungal ligands derived from vitamin B biosynthesis …

Both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are important contributors to
autoimmune disease pathogenesis. As an environmental factor, the gut microbiome plays a …

The etiopathogenesis of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still largely
unknown, however, both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of …

The intestinal barrier is critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and its dysfunction is
associated with various diseases. Recent findings have revealed the multifunctional role of …

Objective A common feature of metabolic diseases is their association with chronic low-
grade inflammation. While enhanced gut permeability and systemic bacterial endotoxin …

Summary Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a vital cytokine that is dysregulated in various autoimmune
conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Alzheimer's …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by
destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia, and its …

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like non-conventional T
cells characterized by multifunctionality. In addition to their well-recognized antimicrobial …