Highlights•Reviews progress in advancing an understanding of design cognition and
metacognition.•Identifies consistent evidence of core cognitive strategies in …

The process of designing artifacts is a creative activity. It is proposed that, at the cognitive
level, one key to understanding design creativity is to understand the array of symbol …

BACKGROUND Design experiences play a crucial role in undergraduate engineering
education and are increasingly important in K–12 settings. There are few efforts to …

Problem solving is generally regarded as the most important cognitive activity in everyday
and professional contexts. Most people are required to and rewarded for solving problems …

Early in 2005, Phil Harris, Executive Director of the Association of Educational
Communications and Technology, approached Mike Spector and asked if he would like to …

College students imagined animals that might live on a planet somewhere else in the
galaxy. In the first experiment, they provided drawings and descriptions of their initial …

This article discusses building a computable design process model, which is a prerequisite
for realizing intelligent computer-aided design systems. First, we introduce general design …

It is proposed that there are important generalizations about problem solving in design
activity that reach across specific disciplines. A framework for the study of design is …

Design Space Analysis is an approach to representing design rationale. It uses a semiformal
notation, called QOC (Questions, Options, and Criteria), to represent the design space …

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional model that assumes the centrality of
problems to learning. Research on PBL has focused on student learning, student roles, tutor …