Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate multiple complex physiological processes in humans.
Abnormal ER signaling may result in various disorders, including reproductive system …

Although most lung cancers are a result of smoking, approximately 25% of lung cancer
cases worldwide are not attributable to tobacco use, accounting for over 300,000 deaths …

Sex differences in the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system have been widely
reported. These intrinsic sex differences have also been shown to modulate the …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the third most common
cancer following breast and prostate. 1 As expected, the primary factor leading to lung …

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence, susceptibility and
severity of several lung diseases. Gender also influences lung development and physiology …

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an
important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory …

Purpose: Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and-β (ER-β) play important roles in the
carcinogenesis of breast tumors. Similarly, there have been several reports of ER …

The discovery of the second estrogen receptor (ER) in 1995 surprised many
endocrinologists and resulted in some scepticism regarding its physiological importance …

Biological sex differences exist for many airway diseases in which females have either
worse or better health outcomes. Inflammatory airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) …

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is considered to be an important contributor to lung
diseases. In the present study we report that Milan winter-PM2. 5 inhibited proliferation in …