For over three decades, a mainstay and goal of clinical oncology has been the development
of therapies promoting the effective elimination of cancer cells by apoptosis. This …

The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

Abstract The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway
involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a rising incidence and is one of the most
lethal human malignancies. Much is known regarding the biology and pathophysiology of …

Abstract Disruption of Akt and Erk-mediated signal transduction significantly contributes in
the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Parkinson's …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival and
growth, serves as a neurotransmitter modulator, and participates in neuronal plasticity …

Excitotoxicity, the specific type of neurotoxicity mediated by glutamate, may be the missing
link between ischemia and neuronal death, and intervening the mechanistic steps that lead …

Anoikis is a programmed cell death induced upon cell detachment from extracellular matrix,
behaving as a critical mechanism in preventing adherent-independent cell growth and …

Kaempferol is a polyphenol antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Many studies have
described the beneficial effects of dietary kaempferol in reducing the risk of chronic …