Metabolism of tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, represent a major metabolic
pathway that both promotes tumor cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as restricts …

Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the
degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When …

Introduction The activation of the kynurenine pathway in cancer progression and metastasis
through immunomodulatory pathways has drawn attention to the potential for kynurenine …

Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long
COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of …

Simple Summary Tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamically changing entity,
which is crucial for tumor development. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 is elevated in the …

Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the
brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both …

Background The impact of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metabolism on the immune
microenvironment is not well understood within platinum resistance. We have identified …

Background Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are
involved in regulating tumor cell ferroptosis. However, prognostic signatures based on …

Simple Summary Based on the latest research progresses, application of immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown promise in treating breast cancer. Moreover, novel …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a paralog of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1
(IDO1), a tryptophan-degrading enzyme producing immunomodulatory molecules. However …