This research investigates the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on a windsurfing sail
during steady sailing. We performed wind tunnel experiments on a scaled-down sail model …

This note aims to solve the speed optimization and path following control for sail-assisted
ships. The ideology of retrofitting a common bulk carrier with wing sails is investigated …

The sail is the primary source of propulsion in windsurfing, making it crucial to understand its
aerodynamic mechanisms for optimal performance. However, due to its unique shape and …

This paper sets out to investigate the vortex flow of spinnaker yacht sails, which are low-
aspect-ratio highly cambered wings used to sail downwind. We tested three model-scale …

In windsurfing, the sail is the primary source of propulsive force. Due to the unique shape
and structure, the aerodynamic performance of a windsurfing sail is not well understood …

Downwind yacht sails, such as spinnakers, are low-aspect-ratio highly cambered wings with
a sharp leading edge. They are characterised by substantial three-dimensional flow …

Wind tunnel experiments on a 1: 15th model-scale yacht were modelled with Detached Eddy
Simulations, which allowed drawing the topology of the turbulent structures in the sail wake …

This paper describes an experiment that was carried out in the Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel at
The University of Auckland to measure a detailed set of pressure distributions on a rigid …

The aerodynamics of a sailing yacht with different sail trims are presented, derived from
simulations performed using computational fluid dynamics. A Reynolds-averaged Navier …

It has been suggested that a stable Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) can be formed from the
sharp leading edge of asymmetric spinnakers, which are high-lift sails used by yachts to sail …