This paper reviews key properties and major unsolved problems about Strong Thermal
Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) and the picket fence. We first introduce the basic …

We present a unified approach to subauroral arcs within intense subauroral ion drifts (SAID),
which explains the observed transition of a precursor Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc into …

In this study, we present an analysis of the spectral transition of a Stable Auroral Red (SAR)
arc to Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) emission observed by the …

Land surface processes are strongly associated with heat waves (HWs). However, how the
uncertainties in land surface processes owing to inaccurate physical parameters influence …

Abstract Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE), is a captivating optical
phenomenon typically observed in the mid‐latitude ionosphere. This paper presents an …

Charged particle precipitation from Earth's magnetosphere results in stunning displays of the
aurora and energy transfer into the atmosphere. Some of this precipitation is caused by …

Recent studies suggest that, despite its aurora‐like appearance, the picket fence may not be
driven by magnetospheric particle precipitation but instead by local electric fields parallel to …

We utilized citizen scientist photographs of subauroral emissions in the upper atmosphere
and identified a repeatable sequence of proton aurora and subauroral red (SAR) arc during …

Vlasiator is a high‐performance ion‐kinetic code that is now conducting 3D hybrid‐Vlasov
simulations of the global magnetosphere. We use Vlasiator to investigate the impact of a …

Abstract The recently deployed Transition Region Explorer (TREx)-RGB (red-green-blue) all-
sky imager (ASI) is designed to capture “true color” images of the aurora and airglow …