Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)–producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH
(reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase …

Endothelial cells transduce the frictional force from blood flow (fluid shear stress) into
biochemical signals that regulate gene expression and cell behavior via specialized …

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to hemodynamic forces, which modulate EC
functions and vascular biology/pathobiology in health and disease. The flow patterns and …

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

Mechanical forces associated with blood flow play important roles in the acute control of
vascular tone, the regulation of arterial structure and remodeling, and the localization of …

Background—In stable coronary artery disease (CAD), exercise training has well-
documented positive effects on arterial endothelial function. NO derived from endothelial NO …

CLINICAL BLEEDING or thrombosis results from a disturbance in the balance between a
complex network of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. This network involves three …

Background—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of systemic exercise
training on endothelium-mediated arteriolar vasodilation of the lower limb and its relation to …

Objective—Atherosclerosis-prone regions of arteries are characterized by complex flow
patterns where the magnitude of shear stress is low and direction rapidly changes, termed …

Mechanical stress from blood flow has a significant effect on endothelial physiology, with a
key role in initiating vasoregulatory signals. Disturbances in blood flow, such as in regions of …