In patients with Parkinson's disease, heterogeneous cholinergic system changes can occur
in different brain regions. These changes correlate with a range of clinical features, both …

The mesolimbic hypothesis has been a central dogma of schizophrenia for decades,
positing that aberrant functioning of midbrain dopamine projections to limbic regions causes …

External rewards such as food and money are potent modifiers of behaviour,. Pioneering
studies established that these salient sensory stimuli briefly interrupt the tonic discharge of …

Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal
boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by …

The long-range GABAergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus
accumbens (NAc) is relatively understudied, and therefore its role in reward processing has …

Schizophrenia remains a challenging disease to treat effectively with current antipsychotic
medications due to their limited efficacy across the entire spectrum of core symptoms as well …

This Perspective will examine the organization of intrastriatal circuitry, review recent findings
in this area, and discuss how the pattern of connectivity between striatal neurons might give …

The mesolimbic dopamine system—which originates in the ventral tegmental area and
projects to the striatum—has been shown to be involved in the expression of sex-specific …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in regulating brain function. Recent
advances have greatly expanded our understanding of these receptors as complex …

Central nervous system neurons communicate via fast synaptic transmission mediated by
ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors and slower neuromodulation mediated by G …