Immunotherapy that includes programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-
ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors has …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer comprise the leading
causes of lung disease-related mortality worldwide. Exposure to tobacco smoke is a mutual …

Abstract Objectives Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause pneumonitis in lung
cancer patients. We aimed to identify the clinical and radiologic characteristics, incidence …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has recently become a first-line therapy for many
non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Unfortunately, most NSCLC patients are …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease that is
associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections are …

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths. The malignancy is
characterized by dismal prognosis and poor clinical outcome mostly due to advanced-stage …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new and promising therapeutic agents for non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, along with demonstrating remarkable efficacy, ICIs can …

Currently, immunotherapy has shown great efficacy in clinical trials, and monoclonal
antibodies directed against immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 have shown encouraging …

Many studies have proved that the pathogenesis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) and lung cancer is related, and may cause and affect each other to a …

Simple Summary Nowadays, humans still die of lung cancer (LC), a disease mainly related
to cigarette smoking (CS). Smokers also develop chronic bronchitis, namely chronic …