Gravitational redshift is discussed in the context of quantum photons propagating in curved
spacetime. A brief introduction to modelling realistic photons is first presented and the effect …

We present the manifestly covariant Lagrangian of a massless polarized particle that implies
all dynamic and algebraic equations as the conditions of extreme of this variational problem …

We analyse the response of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors using the full
Maxwell equations in curved spacetime in the presence of weak gravitational waves …

High-frequency gravitational waves are crucial for understanding the very early universe
and distinguishing between various cosmological models, but detecting them remains a …

We consider the following (1+ 3)-dimensional P (1, 4)-invariant partial differential equations
(PDEs): the Eikonal equation, the Euler-Lagrange-Born-Infeld equation, the homogeneous …

Unlike Newton's theory of gravitation, Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that
Earth's gravitational field induces phase shifts not only in massive particles but also in single …

Some previously published expressions for the perturbation of light by gravitational waves
exhibit pathological behaviour in the limit of parallel propagation. We show that this is …