Refractive index (RI) is a characteristic optical variable that controls the propagation of light
in the medium (eg, biological tissues). Basic research with the aim to investigate the RI of …

Cell refractive index (RI) is an intrinsic optical parameter that governs the propagation of
light (ie, scattering and absorption) in the cell matrix. The RI of cell is sensitively correlated …

Integrating sphere remains a valuable tool for biomedical optics research. Specifically, it has
been used to determine the optical properties (ie, absorption coefficient, scattering …

Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) has evolved as a tool of paramount importance to study
the polarization properties of biological tissues. The conventional 4 x 4 Mueller matrix M is …

Certain types of cardiac arrhythmias are best treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation, in
which an electrode is inserted into the targeted area of the myocardium and then RF …

Food allergies are usually managed by food avoidance. Hidden allergens in food, due to
cross-contamination and/or allergenic additives added during production, place an …

Knowledge of optical properties (absorption coefficients, scattering Coefficients, and
anisotropy) is necessary for understanding light tissue interactions. Optical parameters …