Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance,
because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired …

Outcomes for heart failure (HF) patients remain suboptimal. No known therapy improves
mortality in acute HF and HF with preserved ejection fraction; the most recent HF trial results …

Recent studies have identified the importance of proinflammatory mediators in the
development and progression of heart failure. The growing appreciation of the …

TNFα is crucially involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis,
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure. The formation and release of TNFα …

Background—Endothelial function is known to be impaired in subjects with chronic heart
failure (CHF), but the association between endothelial function and subsequent mortality risk …

When the concept of apoptosis was introduced in the 1970s, 1 it attracted only limited
attention. However, less than two decades ago, Horvitz and colleagues2–4 identified its …

Signaling pathways induced by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNF-α) play a key role in the cellular responses to inflammation and injury. In the …

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which 60° C
sauna treatment improves cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) …

Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) are characterized by systemic inflammation, as
evident by raised circulating levels of several inflammatory cytokines with increasing levels …

Several experimental studies have shown that levocarnitine reduces myocardial injury after
ischemia and reperfusion by counteracting the toxic effect of high levels of free fatty acids …