Members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family are pathogen recognition receptors that
recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs mediate the modulation of innate …

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototypical orbivirus that belongs to the Reoviridae family.
BTV infection produces a disease in ruminants, particularly in sheep, that results in …

The ability of Vitamin D (VitD) to modulate antiviral responses through induction of
antimicrobial peptide is well established. However, the effect of VitD on host responses to …

As a key immune cell in the brain, microglia are essential for protecting the central nervous
system (CNS) from viral infections, including HIV. Microglia possess functional Toll‐like …

Cytosolic recognition of microbial DNA in macrophages results in the activation of the
interferon (IFN)‐dependent antiviral innate immunity. Here, we examined whether activating …

Introduction bluetongue virus (BTV) infection triggers dramatic and complex changes in the
host's transcriptional profile to favor its own survival and reproduction. However, there is no …

Background Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) and mir-33 (miR-33a, miR-
33b), which are encoded by the introns of SREBPs, are key factors in the lipid metabolism …

African horse sickness (AHS) is caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV), a double
stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. For the development …

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, non-contagious, hemorrhagic vector borne viral disease of
ruminant species. It is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a prototype member of genus …

The psychostimulant, METH causes central nervous system damage, along with short and
long-term changes to the innate and adaptive immune system. METH was investigated for its …