Citrate synthase catalyses the initial reaction of the citric acid cycle and can therefore be
considered as the rate-controlling enzyme for the entry of substrates into the cycle. In …

During the last decade the classification of lymphoproliferative diseases and related
disorders has been improved by the application of immunologic marker analysis [l-7] …

Primary bile acids (BAs) are a collection of host-synthesized metabolites that shape
physiology and metabolism. BAs transit the gastrointestinal tract and are subjected to a …

E. coli can be transformed to extremely high efficiencies by subjecting a mixture of cells and
DNA to brief but intense electrical fields of exponential decay waveform (electroporation) …

Bacteria can withstand killing by bactericidal antibiotics through phenotypic changes
mediated by their preexisting genetic repertoire. These changes can be exhibited transiently …

Recombineering is an efficient method of in vivo genetic engineering applicable to
chromosomal as well as episomal replicons in Escherichia coli. This method circumvents the …

A modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to introduce random point
mutations into cloned genes. The modifications were made to decrease the fidelity of Taq …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated9
(Cas9) endonuclease system is a powerful RNA-guided genome editing tool. CRISPR/Cas9 …

Many strains of E. coli K12 restrict DNA containing cytosine methylation such as that present
in plant and animal genomes. Such restriction can severely inhibit the efficiency of cloning …

Acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) and isomeroreductase (IR) catalyze subsequent
reactions in the flux of metabolites towards isoleucine, valine, leucine, and pantothenate. A …