In recent years, the need for clean, viable and sustainable source of alternative fuel is on the
rampage in the global space due to the challenges posed by human factors including fossil …

The use of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources is increasing all around the world.
Over the years, the growth in energy needs by constituents has been efficiently exploited …

Torrefaction is a promising and effective pretreatment technology to upgrade biomass into a
more homogeneous and hydrophobic fuel with higher calorific value and energy density …

Biomass is a versatile, renewable, sustainable feedstock that could be used to produce
solid, liquid, and gaseous energy sources. Most feedstocks are subjected to suitable …

The recycling and utilization of waste has attracted increasing attention due to the
requirement of sustainable development. This study proposed a novel waste reuse …

Agricultural biomass, as a renewable energy source, is critical in reducing the negative
effects on the environment and the depletion of fossil fuels. Corncob and khat stem …

With the increasing demand for sustainable development, the recycling and utilization of
wastes has received widespread attention. This study proposed a green method of using …

This study used several statistical analyses to explore the impact of both inert and oxidative
conditions on the characteristics of biochar derived from the torrefaction of spent coffee …

This review deals with the simulation and optimization of the dry-and wet-torrefaction
processes of lignocellulosic biomass. The torrefaction pretreatment regards the production …

Today, torrefaction is important technique for extending the potential of biomass for
improvement of energy density. The independent variables investigated for torrefaction …