Anxiety disorders are common, serious and a growing health problem worldwide. However,
the causative factors, aetiology and underlying mechanisms of anxiety disorders, as for most …

This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Interpersonal attachment is a critical
component of the human experience. Pair-bonding ameliorates the severity of several …

Adolescence is a window of vulnerability to environmental factors such as chronic stress that
can disrupt brain development and cause long-lasting behavioral dysfunction, as seen in …

Increasing clinical and experimental evidence links immune and inflammatory alterations
with the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autistic individuals show signs of …

Maternal immune activation can result in different behavioral abnormalities and brain
dysfunction, depending on the nature of the inflammogen and the timing of the challenge …

Oxytocin (Oxt) is released in various hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain areas in
response to anxiogenic stimuli to regulate aspects of emotionality and stress coping. We …

Prenatal exposure to inflammatory stimuli is known to influence adult brain function. In
addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired by a local pro-inflammatory …

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interactions
and repetitive patterns of behavior. Symptoms appear in early life and persist throughout …

Microglia express muscarinic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that sense cholinergic
activity and are activated by acetylcholine to potentially regulate microglial functions …

Disturbances of the gamma-amino butyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) system during postnatal
development can have long-lasting consequences for later life behavior, like the individual's …