Anchoring of proteins to membranes by lipid modification is a universal strategy of both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The spirochaetes represent a distinct bacterial phylum that …

Pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including
syphilis, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms …

Apoptosis is implicated in the generation and resolution of inflammation in response to
bacterial pathogens. All bacterial pathogens produce lipoproteins (BLPs), which trigger the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 are signal transducers for lipopolysaccharide, the major
proinflammatory constituent in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. We observed …

Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) results in a proinflammatory response needed to
combat infection. Thus, limiting TLR signaling is essential for preventing a protective …

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic, multistage,
inflammatory infection resulting in patients experiencing cardiac, neurological, and arthritic …

Lipoproteins of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi possess potent
proinflammatory properties and, thus, have been implicated as major proinflammatory …

Studies of mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi have indicated that the severity of arthritis
is influenced by the genetic composition of the host: the C3H mouse develops severe …

In the murine model of Lyme disease, C3H/He mice exhibit severe arthritis while C57BL/6N
mice exhibit mild lesions when infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Joint tissues from these …

The interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, with
phagocytic cells induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of proinflammatory …