Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging thermally-driven technology that poses a lot of
promise in desalination, and water and wastewater treatment. Developments in membrane …

The environmentally friendly ion-exchange membrane (IEM) processes find more and more
applications in the modern industries in order to demineralize, concentrate and modify …

The nucleation and growth of inorganic scale on membrane surfaces is a problem shared by
operators of reverse osmosis systems. While suite of indicators exists to predict scale …

In recent decades, the environmentally benign electrochemical softening process has been
gaining widespread interest as an emerging alternative for water softening. But, in spite of …

Process simulation models used across the wastewater industry have inherent limitations
due to over-simplistic descriptions of important physico–chemical reactions, especially for …

Biomineralization of CaCO 3 by microorganisms is a well-documented process considered
applicable to concrete self-healing and metal bioremediation. Urea hydrolysis is the most …

Produced water re-injection (PWRI) is a promising and sustainable strategy to manage
substantial quantities of produced water for subsurface energy production systems. This …

Mineral scale deposits, corrosion, suspended matter, and microbiological growth are factors
that must be controlled in industrial water systems. Research on understanding the …

Scale formation on the surface of a heterogeneous cation-exchange MK-40 membrane and
its modification MK-40 MOD was studied during electrodialysis of a solution whose mineral …

Membrane scaling and subsequent cleaning efficiency are major factors limiting commercial
applications of electrodialysis. The generation of OH− ions during water splitting at the …