Prior research has revealed robust and consistent relations between spatial and
mathematical skills. Yet, establishing a causal relation has been met with mixed effects. To …

Empirical interdisciplinary research has explored the role of spatial ability in STEM learning
and achievement. While most of this research indicates that fostering spatial thinking in …

Highlights•Spatial skills predict math performance longitudinally from preschool to school
age.•The space–number association may serve as a mediator between spatial–math …

The emerging discipline of educational neuroscience stands at a crossroads between those
who see great promise in integrating neuroscience and education and those who see the …

Few studies have examined the long-term relations between children's early spatial skills
and their later mathematical abilities. In the current study, we investigated children's …

This study examined how embodied learning experiences support students to grasp abstract
CT concepts in early primary education. Forty-seven students were recruited from first-and …

Spatial reasoning, the ability to mentally represent and transform objects and their relations,
is considered so closely connected to mathematics that there is no longer a question of …

This study examined pre-service and in-service teachers' self-reported use of spatial
thinking skills in classroom activities. Additionally, teachers' self-reported spatial anxiety …

Abstract The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) testing is conducted
every 3 years by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; …

Spatial language is the language of spatial concepts and spatial relationships. Prior
research has demonstrated an association between spatial language and spatial thinking in …