People who take on challenges and persevere longer are more likely to succeed in life. But
individuals often avoid exerting effort, and there is limited experimental research …

Affect regulation often is disrupted in depression. Understanding biomarkers of affect
regulation in ecologically valid contexts is critical for identifying moments when interventions …

Effort-based decisions, in which people weigh potential future rewards against effort costs
required to achieve those rewards involve both cognitive and physical effort, though the …

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity
reflecting respiratory influences on heart rate. This influence is typically measured as high …

Background Anhedonia and amotivation are symptoms of many different mental health
disorders that are frequently associated with functional disability, but it is not clear whether …

Background Abnormalities in effort-based decision-making have been consistently reported
in major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence indicates that metabolic factors, such as …

BackgroundIndividuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) can experience reduced
motivation and cognitive function, leading to challenges with goal-directed behavior. When …

People who take on challenges and persevere longer are more likely to succeed in life. But
individuals often avoid exerting effort, and there is limited experimental research …

动机损害是抑郁症的常见特征, 患者常表现出异常的奖励评估或体验等行为.
理解抑郁症患者努力奖赏动机活动中不愿意付出努力的类型——是不愿意付出身体努力还是不 …

Stress modulates feedback-based learning, a process that has been implicated in declining
mental function in aging and mental disorders. While acute physical and psychosocial …