Multiple roles for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) have been recently
appreciated. In addition to the cytoplasm where the majority of GAPDH is located under the …

Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an
intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as the result of a number of physiological
and pathological processes. Once formed ROS can promote multiple forms of oxidative …

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains about 130 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins,
which are likely to contribute to the transport of diverse materials, including toxic substances …

In a previous publication, we showed that the treatment of pea seeds in the presence of
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased germination performance as well as seedling growth …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is now recognised as a key signalling molecule in eukaryotes. In
plants, H2O2 is involved in regulating stomatal closure, gravitropic responses, gene …

Glyceraldehyde 3–phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme, which is
crucial for the breakdown of glucose to provide cellular energy. Over the past decade …

A look back at the early literature on reactive oxygen species (ROS) gives the impression
that these small inorganic molecules had a singular defined role, that of host defence in …

Multifunctional proteins provide a new mechanism to expand exponentially cell information
and capability beyond that indicated by conventional gene analyses. As such, examination …

Metabolic states greatly influence functioning and differentiation of immune cells. Regulating
the metabolism of immune cells can effectively modulate the host immune response …