Arctic coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and
the loss of permafrost, sea ice and glaciers. Assessing the influence of anthropogenic …

Coastal zones have large social, economic and environmental values. They are more
densely populated than the hinterland and concentrate large economic assets, critical …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Understanding climate-driven impacts on the multivariate global wind-wave climate is
paramount to effective offshore/coastal climate adaptation planning. However, the use of …

Given the considerable range of applications within the European Union Copernicus
system, sustained satellite altimetry missions are required to address operational, science …

Historical trends in the direction and magnitude of ocean surface wave height, period, or
direction are debated due to diverse data, time-periods, or methodologies. Using a …

Wind-waves have an important role in Earth system dynamics through air–sea interactions
and are key drivers of coastal and offshore hydro-morphodynamics that affect communities …

Prediction of wave characteristics plays a crucial role in design and performance
assessment of various coastal projects. The computational complexity and time-consuming …

Coastal regions (including estuaries and deltas) are very complex environments with
diverse hydrodynamic and bio-geomorphological contexts and with important socio …

Sea state data are of major importance for climate studies, marine engineering, safety at sea
and coastal management. However, long-term sea state datasets are sparse and not always …