Excessive activation of microglia and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines play
a crucial role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is a movement disorder characterized by the
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α‐synuclein. Patients …

Activation of microglia by classical inflammatory mediators can convert astrocytes into a
neurotoxic A1 phenotype in a variety of neurological diseases,. Development of agents that …

INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
disorder and leads to slowness of movement, tremor, rigidity, and, in the later stages of PD …

Persistent microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological contributor
to the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the cell-signaling mechanisms governing …

The NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway is a major contributor to the
neuroinflammatory process in the central nervous system. Oxidative stress and …

Characterization of the key cellular targets contributing to sustained microglial activation in
neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), and optimal modulation of …

Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) is an important isozyme in
polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism. The role of ACSL4 in the lipopolysaccharide …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the
death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Our understanding of PD …

Chronic, sustained inflammation underlies many pathological conditions, including
neurodegenerative diseases. Divalent manganese (Mn2+) exposure can stimulate …