Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily
localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that …

Depression, a severe psychiatric disorder, has been studied for decades, but the underlying
mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Depression is closely associated with alterations …

Environmental challenges to the maternal immune system during pregnancy have been
associated with an increase in the frequency of neurodevelopmental disorders such as …

Clinical brain imaging and postmortem studies provide evidence of structural and functional
abnormalities of key limbic and cortical structures in depressed patients, suggesting that …

Synapses are the fundamental units of neuronal circuits. Synaptic plasticity can occur
through changes in synaptic strength, as well as through the addition/removal of synapses …

Biologists long believed that, once development is completed, no new neurons are
produced in the forebrain. However, as is now firmly established, new neurons can be …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorder, but the
underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Increasing evidence shows that brain-derived …

BDNF and proBDNF play an opposite role in hippocampal neurogenesis. What remains to
be known is the effect of balance between BDNF and proBDNF in the ischemic …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and Cognition”. Memory processing is
presumed to depend on synaptic plasticity, which appears to have a role in mediating the …

The prevalence of major depression has increased in recent decades; however, the
underlying causes of this phenomenon remain unspecified. One environmental change that …