The recent outbreak of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) has had major global impact.
The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is strongly associated with immune dysfunction. Replicated
epidemiological studies have demonstrated that BD has high rates of inflammatory medical …

Objective Disturbances in the kynurenine pathway have been implicated in the
pathophysiology of psychotic and mood disorders, as well as several other psychiatric …

Background In psychotic and mood disorders, immune alterations are hypothesized to
underlie cognitive symptoms, as they have been associated with elevated blood levels of …

Major mood syndromes are among the most common and disabling mental disorders.
However, a lack of clear delineation of their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is a …

Background: Several inflammatory hypotheses have been suggested to explain the
etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and its different phases. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte …

Introduction Bipolar disorder is an often disabling mental illness with a lifetime prevalence of
1%–2%, a high risk of recurrence of manic and depressive episodes, a lifelong elevated risk …

Background Since its introduction in modern medicine, naturalistic observations emerged
about possible uses of lithium treatment for conditions different from recurring affective …

Bipolar disorder's core feature is the pathological disturbances in mood, often accompanied
by disrupted thinking and behavior. Its complex and heterogeneous etiology implies that a …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood changes, including recurrent manic,
hypomanic, and depressive episodes, which may involve mixed symptoms. Despite the …