While financial inclusion is typically addressed by improving the financial infrastructure, we
show that a higher degree of financial literacy also has a clear beneficial effect. We study …

This paper presents the most expansive and current cross-country dataset on education
quality. The database includes 164 countries/territories covering over 98 percent of the …

A rigorous, pathbreaking analysis demonstrating that a country's prosperity is directly related
in the long run to the skills of its population. In this book Eric Hanushek and Ludger …

Background Human capital is recognised as the level of education and health in a
population and is considered an important determinant of economic growth. The World Bank …

How far is the world away from ensuring that every child obtains the basic skills needed to
be competitive in a modern economy? And what would accomplishing this mean for world …

Emigration first increases and then decreases as a country experiences economic
development. This inverted U-shaped, cross-sectional relationship between emigration and …

Economic transformation refers to two linked development processes. One is structural
change: the shift of workers and other resources from low-productivity sectors, such as …

This chapter analyzes the economic returns to education investments from a health
perspective. It estimates the effects of education on under-five mortality, adult mortality, and …

We investigate whether democracy enhances the skills and knowledge of citizens through
improving education quality. This, in turn, could have ramifications for other development …

We revisit human capital and development accounting. In quantifying human capital, we split
it into three components; schooling (years of education), cognitive skills (as proxied by test …