The release of transmitters at sympathoeffector junctions is not constant, but subject to
modulation by a plethora of different mechanisms. In this respect, presynaptic receptors …

▪ Abstract α-Latrotoxin, a potent neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, triggers synaptic
vesicle exocytosis from presynaptic nerve terminals. α-Latrotoxin is a large protein toxin (120 …

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that leads to major
debilitating cognitive deficits. It is believed that the alterations capable of causing brain …

Brain cells are highly energy dependent for maintaining ion homeostasis during high
metabolic activity. During active periods, full mitochondrial function is essential to generate …

α-Latrotoxin (α-LTX) from black widow spider venom induces exhaustive release of
neurotransmitters from vertebrate nerve terminals and endocrine cells. This 130-kDa protein …

G-proteins (guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) are membrane-attached proteins
composed of three subunits, α, β, and γ. They transduce signals from G-protein coupled …

The spiders of medical importance in the Asia–Pacific region include widow (family
Theridiidae) and Australian funnel‐web spiders (subfamily Atracinae). In addition, cupboard …

Striatal medium‐sized spiny neurons express mRNA and protein of GPR55 receptors that
stimulate neurotransmitter release; thus, GPR55 could be sent to nigral striatal projections …

When the synaptic connection between two neurons consists of a small number of release
sites, the ability to maintain transmission at high frequencies is limited by vesicle …

The isolated nerve terminal (or synaptosome) is the simplest preparation that allows
mitochondrial bioenergetics to be studied in a physiological milieu, as well as facilitating …