In ovo vaccination is an alternative approach to post‐hatch vaccination of chickens,
particularly in broilers. Vaccination at embryonation day 18 helps to 'close the window'of …

Reoviruses are common among domestic poultry and other avian species. This chapter
offers detailed coverage of the history, etiology, pathobiology, epizootiology, diagnosis, and …

The immune system evolved to free multi-cellular organisms from invasive organisms that
can cause disease. Similar to the mammalian immune system, that of chickens, the best …

Avian reoviruses (ARVs) represent a significant economic burden on the poultry industry
due to their widespread prevalence and potential pathogenicity. These viruses, capable of …

Reovirus infections are prevalent worldwide in chickens, turkeys, and other avian species.
Viral arthritis is observed primarily in meat‐type chickens but can be found in lighter breeds …

Cytosine-guanosinedeoxynucleotide (CpG) DNA can be used for the stimulation of the toll-
like receptor (TLR) 21 signalling pathway in avian species which ultimately leads to up …

Background Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the causative pathogen of grass carp
hemorrhagic disease, one of the major diseases damaging grass carp Ctenopharyngon …

Immune system battles with deadly pathogens that mostly deteriorate health and cause
morbidity and mortality. Antibodies are considered great players in the elimination of …

Hemorrhagic enteritis and related infections Page 367 Hemorrhagic Enteritis and Related
Infections Silke Rautenschlein, Hassan M. Mahsoub, Scott D. Fitzgerald, and F. William Pierson …

Induction of immune response as characterised by expression of cytokine genes in the
spleen following immunization of pre-and post-hatch chickens with herpesvirus of turkeys …