Diabetes mellitus is characterized by having a disorder of glucose metabolism. The types of
diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can
identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated …

Demyelination occurs in multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders and is tightly
associated with neuroinflammation. Pyroptosis is a form of pro-inflammatory and lytic cell …

This study investigated the potential benefits of black chokeberry polyphenol (BCP)
supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response in …

The immunomodulatory effect of divalent manganese cations (Mn2+), such as activation of
the cGAS− STING pathway or NLRP3 inflammasomes, positions them as adjuvants for …

Ethanol induces neuroinflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of
alcohol use disorder (AUD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition …

African swine fever (ASF), caused by ASF virus (ASFV) infection, poses a huge threat to the
pork industry owing to ineffective preventive and control measures. Hence, there is an …

Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in cerebral ischemic stroke (IS). In the acute phase of
IS, microglia are activated toward the pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that regulates the
activation of immune cells, which is a target for treating inflammation. In this study …

Haemolytic disorders, such as sickle cell disease, are accompanied by the release of high
amounts of labile heme into the intravascular compartment resulting in the induction of …