The human Y chromosome is intriguing not only because it harbours the master-switch gene
that determines gender but also because of its unusual evolutionary history. The Y …

Gene copies that stem from the mRNAs of parental source genes have long been viewed as
evolutionary dead-ends with little biological relevance. Here we review a range of recent …

Apes possess two sex chromosomes—the male-specific Y chromosome and the X
chromosome, which is present in both males and females. The Y chromosome is crucial for …

Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are the only extant mammalian outgroup to therians
(marsupial and eutherian animals) and provide key insights into mammalian evolution 1, 2 …

Abstract Changes in gene expression are thought to underlie many of the phenotypic
differences between species. However, large-scale analyses of gene expression evolution …

Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals, but their repeat-rich nature has
hampered sequencing and associated evolutionary studies. Here we trace Y evolution …

We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This
monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For …

Sex determination in papaya is controlled by a recently evolved XY chromosome pair, with
two slightly different Y chromosomes controlling the development of males (Y) and …

In species with separate sexes, sex determination often has a genetic basis, and in a wide
diversity of taxa a pair of cytologically distinguishable 'sex chromosomes' are found such that …

Gene expression changes may underlie much of phenotypic evolution. The development of
high-throughput RNA sequencing protocols has opened the door to unprecedented large …