Volcanic eruptions are an important natural cause of climate change on many timescales. A
new capability to predict the climatic response to a large tropical eruption for the succeeding …

Trends and variations in global stratospheric temperatures are an integral part of the
changes occurring in the Earth's climate system. Data sets for analyzing long‐term (a …

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) has become a crucial metric for assessing global climate
change. Although global and regional AOD trends have been studied extensively, it remains …

The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate
destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem …

Evidence of the effect of external influences on the climate system has continued to
accumulate since the Third Assessment Report (TAR). The evidence now available is …

Constraining an increase in global mean temperature below 2° C compared to pre‐
industrial levels is critical to limiting dangerous and cascading impacts of anthropogenic …

The 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa island, Indonesia) expelled around 140
gt of magma (equivalent to≈ 50 km3 of dense rock), making it the largest known historic …

The sensitivity of Earth's climate to an external radiative forcing depends critically on the
response of water vapor. We use the global cooling and drying of the atmosphere that was …

A review is provided of stationary wave theory, the theory for the deviations from zonal
symmetry of the climate. To help focus the discussion the authors concentrate exclusively on …

Simulations of the stratosphere from thirteen coupled chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) are
evaluated to provide guidance for the interpretation of ozone predictions made by the same …