Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss
of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable …

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the
presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen …

Superoxide, O2•−, is formed in all living organisms that come in contact with air, and,
depending upon its biological context, it may act as a signaling agent, a toxic species, or a …

Copper is a trace element, important for the function of many cellular enzymes. Copper ions
can adopt distinct redox states oxidized Cu (II) or reduced (I), allowing the metal to play a …

Copper (Cu), a redox active metal, is an essential nutrient for all species studied to date.
During the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the concept that marginal …

Mutations in the gene superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are causative for familial forms of the
neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. When the first SOD1 mutations …

The early observations on the rate-of-living theory by Max Rubner and the report by
Gershman that oxygen free radicals exist in vivo culminated in the seminal proposal in the …

Iron and copper are essential nutrients, excesses or deficiencies of which cause impaired
cellular functions and eventually cell death. The metabolic fates of copper and iron are …

Currently, the oxidative stress (or free radical) theory of aging is the most popular
explanation of how aging occurs at the molecular level. While data from studies in …

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a frontline antioxidant enzyme catalysing superoxide
breakdown and is important for most forms of eukaryotic life. The evolution of aerobic …