Besides proteins and nucleic acids, carbohydrates are also ubiquitous building blocks of
living systems. Approximately 70% of mammalian proteins are glycosylated. Glycans not …

Cells execute remarkable functions using biopolymers synthesized from natural building
blocks. Engineering cells to leverage the vast array of synthesizable abiotic polymers could …

Glycans, particularly sialic acids (SAs), play crucial roles in diverse biological processes.
Despite their significance, analyzing specific glycans, such as sialic acids, on individual …

Polymer–drug conjugates and polymer–protein conjugates have been pivotal in the realm of
drug delivery systems for over half a century. These polymeric drugs are characterized by …

Cascade-enzyme reaction systems have emerged as promising tools for treating malignant
tumors by efficiently converting nutrients into toxic substances. However, the challenges of …

Modified biopolymers that are based on prebiotics have been found to significantly
contribute to immunomodulatory events. In recent years, there has been a growing use of …

The unique microenvironment within living cells, characterized by high glutathione levels,
reactive oxygen species concentrations, and active enzymes, facilitates the execution of …

In situ polymerization on cell membranes can decrease cell mobility, which may inhibit tumor
growth and invasion. However, the initiation of radical polymerization traditionally requires …

Adoptive immunotherapy, notably involving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, has
obtained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a treatment for various …

We have synthesized two sialic acid derivatives substituted with an ortho-nitrobenzyl alcohol
(o-NBA) group that can undergo light-mediated conjugation with primary amines at their 5-or …