Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are nano-sized, lipid membrane-delimited particles
filled with bacteria-derived components. They have important roles in the physiology and …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and
destruction of structure, which can easily lead to fragility fractures. Over the past decade, an …

Membrane vesicles are the nano-sized vesicles originating from membranes. The
production of membrane vesicles is a common feature among bacteria. Depending on the …

Background Our growing appreciation of the functional significance of the human microbiota
in health and disease has triggered a marked interest in bacterial-derived extracellular …

There is growing interest in the role of microorganisms in human health and disease, with
evidence showing that new types of biotherapy using engineered bacterial therapeutics …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are cupped-shaped structures formed by bacteria in
response to environmental stress, genetic alteration, antibiotic exposure, and others. Due to …

Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various
approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune …

The increasing spread of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is one of the major threats
to public health worldwide. Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance and virulence genes …

Tumor vaccines, a type of personalized tumor immunotherapy, have developed rapidly in
recent decades. These vaccines evoke tumor antigen-specific T cells to achieve immune …