The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and
biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay numerous extracellular signals by triggering
intracellular signaling through coupling with G proteins and arrestins. Recent breakthroughs …

The μ-opioid receptor (μOR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the target of most
clinically and recreationally used opioids. The induced positive effects of analgesia and …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying
increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are physiologically important membrane proteins that
sense signalling molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters, and are the targets of …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for the majority of cellular responses
to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as the senses of sight, olfaction and taste. The …

Morphine and related µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists remain among the most effective
drugs known for acute relief of severe pain. A major problem in treating painful conditions is …

During the past few years, crystallography of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) has
experienced exponential growth, resulting in the determination of the structures of 16 distinct …