The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused
a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, a subset of patients …

The human oral microbiota is highly diverse and has a complex ecology, comprising
bacteria, microeukaryotes, archaea and viruses. These communities have elaborate and …

CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

A paradigm shift in the understanding of the exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) lineage is
underway. Originally thought to be a uniform population that progressively loses effector …

Although intermittent increases in inflammation are critical for survival during physical injury
and infection, recent research has revealed that certain social, environmental and lifestyle …

Metastatic disease is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer deaths. For successful
dissemination and metastasis, cancer cells must evade detection and destruction by the …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against
pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells …

The respiratory tract is a complex organ system that is responsible for the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide. The human respiratory tract spans from the nostrils to the lung …

Despite the impressive impact of CTLA 4 and PD 1‐PDL 1‐targeted cancer immunotherapy,
a large proportion of patients with many tumor types fail to respond. Consequently, the focus …

Considerable advances have been made in recent years in understanding the generation
and function of memory T cells. Memory T cells are typically parsed into discreet subsets …