The cell cycle usually refers to the mitotic cycle, but the cell-division cycle in the plant
kingdom consists of not only nuclear but also mitochondrial and chloroplast division cycle …

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used for various data analyses and resemble the
human brain cognition system. CNN algorithms are composed of multiple layers of …

Several histone variants are posttranslationally phosphorylated. Little is known about
phosphorylation of the centromere-specific histone 3 (CENH3) variant in plants. We show …

The mitochondrion is an organelle that was derived from an endosymbiosis. Although
regulation of mitochondrial growth by the host cell is necessary for the maintenance of …

Abstract 2A self-cleaving peptides (2A peptides), originally identified in a short oligopeptide
sequence of foot and mouth disease RNA virus, consist of short amino acids that specify …

Polo-like kinase (PLK) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in the formation of the mitotic
spindle and the maturation of centrosomes. PLKs are highly conserved in the animal and …

Anthocyanins are one of highly attractive characteristics contributing attractive color and
antioxidant properties in fruits. During pear ripening, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) …

Imaging techniques with split fluorescent proteins are based on the reconstruction of
separated asymmetric protein fragments. Although each fragment alone has no …

When biologists try to understand the molecular mechanism, they often inhibit the genes of
interest by genetic approaches such as knockout (KO) and knockdown (KD). These …

The nucleus of Cyanidioschyzon merolae has quite a limited set of components. The core
and linker histones, H2A. Z, and a centromeric histone variant CenH3 are preserved, but …