Epidemiological studies showed that the metabolic syndromes (MetS) and cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs) are responsible for a serious threat to human health worldwide. MetS is a …

Background Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral
infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as …

Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects
various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different …

Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, which have
pharmacological effects. Although there are several reviews in regards to ginsenosides, new …

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal herbs in Asia. Its
pharmacological activity comes from ginsenosides, and its roots are produced commercially …

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways progress inflammation and immune cell
differentiation in the host immune response; however, the uncontrollable stimulation of NF …

Ginsenosides are a class of active components extracted from ginseng plants (such as
Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, and Panax notoginseng). Ginsenosides have …

Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the major clinical features of many neurodegenerative
diseases. It can be aging-related or even appear in non-central nerve system (CNS) …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Ginseng is an ethnopharmacological herbal plant in Asian
countries, particularly in Korea, China, and Japan. Ginseng saponins, including …

Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng, two well-known herbs with enormous medical
value in Asian countries, have a long usage history in China for the therapy of some …