While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic
metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting
adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate …

The extracellular nucleoside adenosine reduces tissue inflammation and is generated by
irreversible dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) mediated by the …

Increasing evidence supports targeting the adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology with
several clinical programs directed at adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR, A2BR), CD73 and …

The adaptive immune system is modulated by an important subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes
called Treg cells that function in maintaining immune homeostasis by preventing excessive …

T cell metabolism is dynamic and highly regulated. While the intrinsic metabolic programs of
T cell subsets are integral to their distinct differentiation and functional patterns, the ability of …

The immunosuppressive effect of adenosine in the microenvironment of a tumor is well
established. Presently, researchers are developing approaches in immune therapy that …

The advent of cancer immunotherapy based on PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint
blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many cancers do not respond …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are widely acknowledged pharmacological targets yet are still
underutilized in clinical practice. Their ubiquitous distribution in almost all cells and tissues …

The cancer-immunity cycle (CIC) comprises a series of events that are required for immune-
mediated control of tumor growth. Interruption of one or more steps of the CIC enables …